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HW2 - Primer

HW2 - Primer#

Overview#

Learning objective: Apply control structures and data structures to solve problems involving numbers, text, and files.

Files and Tests#

You are provided with the following files:

  • hw2.py is the file to put your implementations for each problem. hw2.py is not a runnable program, so we don’t use the main-method pattern.

  • hw2_test.py is the file for you to put your own tests. The Run button executes this program.

  • cse163_utils.py is a helper file that has code to help you test your code. Do NOT modify.

  • song.txt is a sample text file used in testing longest_word. Do NOT modify.

  • tox.ini is a flake8 configuration file that allows us to customize the types of warnings and errors students must fix.

You must submit your work to the Code Submission Site.

Submit:

  • hw2.py

  • hw2_test.py : must have main-pattern to run all test methods

  • <custom>.txt : You should create a few text files used in your testing. Submit all custom text files.

Do NOT submit:

  • song.txt

  • tox.ini

  • cse163_utils.py

  • zip files are not allowed in this assignment

There are 7 Unit Tests provided for you. Some key information:

  • These Unit Tests are provided as a “sanity check” only. These are not the full and complete set of tests.

  • The FIRST thing you should do is write your own tests in hw2_test.py. Once you believe that you have everything working and tested in your own code, then run the tests in Replit. If your own tests pass but you fail a Replit Unit Test, then you know that you’re not testing well enough.

  • These tests do not necessarily represent all the tests that Mr. Stride will run when grading your assignment, but he definitely will run these tests.

  • You do not get to see what these tests are doing. You only get to see that you failed or passed. Work with your own unit tests to debug functionality.

  • There is no Replit Unit Test for the challenge question. However, hw2_test.py includes a challenge question test method written for you.

You need to write tests that are better than the Unit Tests in Replit. Mr. Stride will be very thorough in testing your code. Even if you pass all these tests, you may still fail to meet some other functional expectations.

Be creative and thorough: attempt to catch boundary cases in your tests.

You should assume that all arguments are of the correct type. You do NOT need to test the argument types. In other words, you do NOT need to test as follows:

    assert_equals(0, hw2.total('Do NOT test for bad argument type'))

Expectation!

In hw2.py you should not use any import statements or features in Python we have not yet discussed in class, the online book, or in the homework handout. All of these problems should be solved using the fundamental constructs we’ve learned in class so far. For your testing program, you can use imports. In fact, you’re expected to use cse163_utils‘ assert_equals function.

Required Methods#

In the file named hw2.py, implement seven methods: count_divisible_digits, is_relatively_prime, travel, reformat_date, longest_word, get_average_in_range and mode_digit. The description for each method is found in the tabs below.

You are required to TEST each method. Each test method should include the example method calls provided herein.

Way down below is a challenge question which is optional and not graded. See the Challenge Question section down below for details.

Write a function count_divisible_digits that takes two integer numbers n and m as arguments and returns the number of digits in n that are divisible by m. If m is 0, then count_divisible_digits should return 0. For this problem, any digit in n that is 0 is divisible by any number. You may assume m is a single digit (0 ≤ m <10) and that it is not negative.

Write a test in the file hw2_test.py that calls the function with some inputs and compares the output of the program with the expected value using assert_equals. Include test cases for all of the examples below as well as 3 (three) additional test cases.

Here are some examples that you should make sure appear in hw2_test.py:

call

returns

comments

count_divisible_digits(650899, 3)

4

The four digits 0, 6, and 9 are all divisible by 3

count_divisible_digits(-204, 5)

1

Only 0 is divisible by 5

count_divisible_digits(24, 5)

0

No digit is divisible by 5

count_divisible_digits(1, 0)

0

When m=0, return zero.

Do Not Use String

Do not use str to solve any part of this problem in any way. Instead, you should solve this problem by manipulating the number itself using integer division. Recall that:

  • n // 10 evaluates to all but the last digit of n.

  • n % 10 evaluates to the last digit of n.

Write a function is_relatively_prime that takes two integer numbers n and m, returning True if n and m are relatively prime to each other and False otherwise. Two numbers are relatively prime if they share no common factors besides 1. (1 is relatively prime with every number.) Assume the value of n and m are at least one.

Write a test that calls the function with some inputs and compares the output of the program with the expected value using assert_equals. Include test cases for all of the examples below as well as 3 (three) additional test cases:

Here are some examples that you should make sure appear in hw2_test.py:

call

returns

comments

is_relatively_prime(12, 13)

True

The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and the factors of 13 are 1, 13.

is_relatively_prime(12, 14)

False

The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and the factors of 14 are 1, 2, 7, 14.

is_relatively_prime(5, 9)

True

The factors of 5 are 1, 5 and the factors of 9 are 1, 3, 9.

is_relatively_prime(8, 9)

True

The factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, 8 and the factors of 9 are 1, 3, 9.

is_relatively_prime(8, 1)

True

We define that 1 is relatively prime with every number.

No Data Structures

Do not use data structures to store factors during the execution of the algorithm. Also, use a single loop rather than nested loops.

Write a function travel which takes a string of north, east, south, west directions, a starting location on a grid x, and a starting location on a grid y. Your function should return a tuple that indicates the new position after following the directions starting from the given x, y. The returned tuple should be in the format (x_new, y_new).

The directions string will use 'N' to indicate increasing the y-coordinate, 'E' to indicate increasing the x-coordinate, 'S' to indicate decreasing the y-coordinate, and 'W' to indicate decreasing the x-coordinate. The case of the characters should be ignored. You can assume that x and y are both of type int. Any characters that are not ‘N’, ‘E’, ‘W’, or ‘S’ (ignoring letter-casing) should be ignored.

travel('NW!ewnW', 1, 2) should return the tuple (-1, 4) following this sequence of movements:

  1. Start at (1, 2).

  2. Move ‘N’ to (1, 3).

  3. Move ‘W’ to (0, 3).

  4. Ignore ‘!’ since it is not a valid direction.

  5. Move ‘e’ to (1, 3).

  6. Move ‘w’ to (0, 3).

  7. Move ‘n’ to (0, 4).

  8. Move ‘W’ to (-1, 4).

Write a test that calls the function with some inputs and compares the output of the program with the expected value using assert_equals. Include the valid test cases shown above as well as 3 (three) additional test cases.

Write a function reformat_date which takes three strings as arguments representing a date, a current date format, and a target date format and returns a new string with the date formatted in the target format.

For example, if we made the method call, reformat_date("12/31/1998", "M/D/Y", "D/M/Y") it should return the string "31/12/1998". In this example, the first argument represents a date and the second argument specifies this date is currently in the format Month/Day/Year (abbreviated "M/D/Y"). The third argument specifies that the method should return a new date in the format of Day/Month/Year format (abbreviated "D/M/Y").

A date string will be some non-empty string of numbers separated by / (e.g, "3/6/1995"). Note that the numbers between the /‘s can have any number of digits, but you may assume there is at least one digit for each part of the date provided.

The current and target formats will be some non-empty sequence of the characters 'D', 'M', 'Y' separated by /. You can assume the given date and the current format will match up (i.e., they will have the same number of /‘s) and that any date symbol that appears in the target format also appears in the current format (i.e., if the target format contains a 'Y' the current format will also contain a 'Y').

Below are some valid/invalid examples of current and target formats. You do not need to handle invalid formats. You may assume we will never pass you an example that is invalid. Make sure these valid test cases appear in hw2_test.py:

call

returns

notes

reformat_date("1/2/3", "M/D/Y", "Y/M/D")

"3/1/2"

Valid

reformat_date("0/200/4", "Y/D/M", "M/Y")

"4/0"

Valid

reformat_date("3/2", "M/D", "D")

"2"

Valid

reformat_date("3/2", "M/D/Y", "Y/M/D")

Invalid - Date & Format do not match

reformat_date("3/2", "M/D", "Y/M/D")

Invalid - Current Format missing ‘Y’

reformat_date("1/2/3/4", "M/D/Y/S", "M/D")

Invalid - Date format contains ‘S’

reformat_date("", "", "")

Invalid - empty string

Write a test that calls the function with some inputs and compares the output of the program with the expected value using assert_equals. Include test cases for the example above as well as 3 (three) additional test cases.

Again, you may assume we won’t pass you any of these invalid date formats. We wanted to provide this list and rationale for why they are invalid to give you a better sense of what assumptions you can make about your inputs.

Implementation

Your function should be as general as possible and avoid hard-coding specific orderings of the date parts.

Write a function longest_word that takes a string filename and returns the longest word in the file with which line it appears on. A word here is defined as a sequence of characters separated by whitespace. If there are ties for the longest word, it should return the one that appears first in the file. If the file is empty or there are no words in the file, the function should return None. You may assume that the file exists.

Write a test that calls the longest_word with some file names and compares the output of the method with the expected value using assert_equals. Include the test case below as well as 3 (three) additional test cases.

📝 TIP: Each test case should have a test file that you have created. Be sure that you submit these test files with your python files. Your tests need to run successfully!!

Using the file contents below, the call longest_word('song.txt') should return the string '3: Merrily,', the first word in the third line of the file shown here. Note that the filename uses a relative path.

song.txt

Row, row, row your boat
Gently down the stream
Merrily, merrily, merrily, merrily
Life is but a dream!

Write a function get_average_in_range that takes a list of integers, an integer low, and an integer high, and returns the average of all values within the list that lie in the given range from low (inclusive) to high (exclusive). If there are no values in the given range, returns 0.

Here are some examples that you should make sure appear in hw2_test.py:

call

returns

notes

get_average_in_range([1, 5, 6, 7, 9], 5, 7)

5.5

only 5 and 6 fall in the range between 5 (inclusive) and 7 (exclusive), and the average of 5 and 6 is 5.5.

get_average_in_range([1, 2, 3], -1, 10)

2.0

1, 2, 3 all fall within the specified range and the average of the three numbers is 2.0.

Write a test that calls the get_average_in_range with some inputs and compares the outputs of the method with the expected value using assert_equals. Include the test cases above as well as 3 (three) additional test cases.

Write a function mode_digit that takes an integer number n and returns the digit that appears most frequently in that number. The given number may be positive or negative, but the most frequent digit returned should always be non-negative. If there is a tie for the most frequent digit, the digit with the greatest value should be returned.

Here are some examples that you should make sure appear in hw2_test.py:

call

returns

notes

mode_digit(12121)

1

1 appears the most–three times

mode_digit(0)

0

Zero can be thought of as a special case

mode_digit(-122)

2

Negative numbers can be tricky!

mode_digit(1211232231)

2

Both 1 & 2 appear 4 times, but 2 > 1

Write a test that calls the mode_digit with some inputs and compares the outputs of the method with the expected value using assert_equals. Include the test cases above as well as 3 (three) additional test cases.

Requirements

  • Do not create strings in any way to solve any part of the problem.

  • Do not use any nested loops or recursion.

  • Do not use an if, elif, or else branch for each digit.
    📝 TIP: Use data structures to count digit occurrences.

Code Quality#

Assessment submissions should pass these checks: flake8 and code quality guidelines. The code quality guidelines are very thorough. For this assessment, the most relevant rules can be found in these sections:

Requirements

Make sure to provide a descriptive file header in doc-string format, not something generic like “implements functions for Primer”.

Rubric#

Rubric information can be found in the Instruction tab in the Replit project.

Challenge Question#

OPTIONAL: This challenge question is not graded and is here for those students who already know Python and want to flex some of their intellectual muscle.
NOTE: If you implement this challenge, you’ll need to document all methods fully with doc-strings so that all the grading scripts pass. You don’t want to have your grade drop! Be sure to test it, too!

Write a function named weighted_average that will take two numpy arrays. The first argument, values will be a two-dimensional array (of any number of rows & cols) that contains real values. The second argument, weights, will be a one-dimensional array with the same number of elements as there are cols in the argument values. The method will return a weighted average of all the values using the weights across each row. Here are some examples:

# use these numpy arrays for the calls in the table below
v1 = np.array([[1],[2]])  # 2x1 array
w1 = np.array([3])

v2 = np.array([[1, 2, 3],[4, 3, 4]]) # 2x3 array
w2 = np.array([1, 0, 1])

v3 = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 0],[4, 5, 6, 1],[7, 8, 9, 2]]) # 3x4 array
w3 = np.array([0, 0, 0, 2])

call

returns

notes

weighted_average(v1, w1)

4.5

\((3*1 + 3*2)/2 = 4.5\)

weighted_average(v2, w2)

2.0

\((1*1 + 2*0 +3*1 + 4*1 + 3*0 + 4*1)/6 = 2.0\)

weighted_average(v3, w3)

0.5

Let’s look at the last column only
because the first 3 columns have weights = 0.
\((0*2 + 1*2 +2*2)/12 = 0.5\)

Tips

  • It helps if you know about: shape, broadcasting, and “vector” math.

  • Consider how numpy uses “broadcasting” to adjust the shapes.

  • Leverage numpy methods and functionality.
    📝 Extra Challenge: Can you write this method in 1 line of code?

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